與Sodium Bicarbonate 1.4gm/amp. (Calcium Bicarbonate)有交互作用的藥品

可與Sodium Bicarbonate交互作用之藥品

甲狀腺功能檢查

檢查項目 參考值 可能原因 Thyrotropin (hsTSH) 甲狀腺促進素  0.4-5.5 u IU/ml 過高：甲狀腺功能低下 過低：甲狀腺功能亢進 T3(RIA) 三碘甲狀腺素  80.0-200.0 ng/dl T4(RIA) 四碘甲狀腺素  4.5-12.0 μg/dl Free T4(CIA) 游離四碘甲狀腺素  0.6-1.75 ng/ml TSH Receptor Ab TSH受體抗體  <15 %

Plasma renin activity (PRA)

PRA is sometimes measured, specially in case of certain diseases which present with hypertension or hypotension and in certain tumors.

Unit	Lower limit	Upper limit
ng/(mL*hour)	0.29, 1.9	3.7
μIU/mL	3.3, 21	4

Lower-than-normal levels may indicate:

Disease	Brief Description
ADH therapy	Leads to water retention and thus raised blood pressure.
Salt-retaining steroid therapy	see above
Salt-sensitive essential hypertension	see above
Primary Hyperaldosteronsim	see above and direct inhibition of aldosteron on renin secretion

Higher-than-normal levels may indicate:

Disease	Brief Description
Addison's disease	Kidneys trying to counter low aldosterone output.
Cirrhosis of the liver	Reduced breakdown of Angiotensin.
Essential hypertension	Just more of renin is being secreted by the kidneys.
Hemorrhage (bleeding)	Kidneys trying to raise falling blood pressure.
Hypokalemia	Kidneys trying to raise falling blood pressure due to reduced cardiac output.
Malignant hypertension	Excessive renin is being secreted by the kidneys.
Renin-producing renaltumors	Tumors can secrete substances like this. See tumor markers
Renovascular hypertension	Renal vascular damage leading to reduced JGA perfusion.

anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

:HIV-positive patient with dyphagia and a left cervical mass, that had grown within about 8 weeks. Tumour borders couldn't be clearly defined on ultrasound

Large tumour with relatively sharp borders and central necrosis, displacing the trachea and esophagus. Path proven anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Patient Data:

Age: 36

Gender: Male

Race: Caucasian

Kallmann syndrome MRI

Single coronal T2 image through the frontal lobes demonstrates abnormal anatomy with absence of the olfactory bulbs and olfactory sulcus. The gyrus rectus and medial orbital gyrus form a single gyrus. 



It is easiest to appreciate the anatomical anomalies present in Kallman syndrome by comparing it to a normal patient. The normal anatomy of the region consists of the olfactory bulbs (blue arrows) located in the olfactory grooves of the anterior cranial fossa. The inferior surface of the frontal lobes usually consists gyrus rectus (aka straight gyrus) (R) separated from the medial orbital gyrus (M) by the olfactory sulcus (yellow arrow). These are absent in Kallman syndrome. 

webbed neck

Turner's syndrome

透納氏症患者的臨床症狀與其發生率

症狀	發生率
身材矮小	100
卵巢發育不良	>90
手腳水腫：初生嬰兒在手腳背面常有淋巴性水腫，會持續數月後逐漸消退。但很有可能再度發生。	>80
漏斗胸，或乳頭發育不良，或內陷	>80
低位耳及耳廓異常	>80
上顎骨狹小	>80
下巴狹小：下巴縮短與牙齒發育缺陷，常有咬合不正的問題。	>70
眼內贅皮	>40
短頸，合併低後頸髮線	>80
蹼狀頸	50
肘外翻，或其他的肘變形	>70
膝異常，例如脛骨增生（tibial exostosis）	>60
指甲形狀異常：如湯匙型內凹或發育不良。	>70
手掌掌骨過短（通常第四指最明顯）	>50
色素痣，一般是良性的。會隨著年齡增加而有增加的趨勢。處理多著重於美觀方面，或者因突起而與衣服摩擦時建議切除。	>50
不正常手紋	>40
心臟畸形：雙葉主動脈辦、主動脈狹窄、主動脈瓣狹窄、左心畸形、僧帽瓣脫垂、主動脈剝離（極少）。必須注意細菌性心內膜炎的預防。	>20
腎臟異常：馬蹄腎、腎盂或輸尿管異常、腎異位或血管異常	>60
中樞神經系統：聽覺障礙	>50